Device-to-device (D2D) operation method of user equipment in wireless communication system and user equipment using the method

ABSTRACT

Provided are a device-to-device (D2D) operation method of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system and a UE using the method. The method comprises the steps of: transmitting sidelink UE information to a network; and receiving a D2D resource configuration determined on the basis of the sidelink UE information, wherein the sidelink UE information comprises at least one of information indicating whether the UE is interested in receiving a D2D signal, and a resource allocation request for transmitting the D2D signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 ofInternational Application No. PCT/KR2015/010857, filed on Oct. 14, 2015,which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Applications No. 62/063,407filed on Oct. 14, 2014, No. 62/076,775 filed on Nov. 7, 2014, and No.62/219,146 filed on Sep. 16, 2015, the contents of which are all herebyincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, moreparticularly a method of D2D operation performed by a UE in the wirelesscommunication system and the UE using the method.

Related Art

In International Telecommunication Union Radio communication sector(ITU-R), a standardization task for International MobileTelecommunication (IMT)-Advanced, that is, the next-generation mobilecommunication system since the third generation, is in progress.IMT-Advanced sets its goal to support Internet Protocol (IP)-basedmultimedia services at a data transfer rate of 1 Gbps in the stop andslow-speed moving state and of 100 Mbps in the fast-speed moving state.

For example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a systemstandard to satisfy the requirements of IMT-Advanced and is preparingfor LTE-Advanced improved from Long Term Evolution (LTE) based onOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)/SingleCarrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) transmissionschemes. LTE-Advanced is one of strong candidates for IMT-Advanced.

There is a growing interest in a Device-to-Device (D22) technology inwhich devices perform direct communication. In particular, D2D has beenin the spotlight as a communication technology for a public safetynetwork. A commercial communication network is rapidly changing to LTE,but the current public safety network is basically based on the 2Gtechnology in terms of a collision problem with existing communicationstandards and a cost. Such a technology gap and a need for improvedservices are leading to efforts to improve the public safety network.

The public safety network has higher service requirements (reliabilityand security) than the commercial communication network. In particular,if coverage of cellular communication is not affected or available, thepublic safety network also requires direct communication betweendevices, that is, D2D operation.

D2D operation may have various advantages in that it is communicationbetween devices in proximity. For example, D2D UE has a high transferrate and a low delay and may perform data communication. Furthermore, inD2D operation, traffic concentrated on a base station can bedistributed. If D2D UE plays the role of a relay, it may also play therole of extending coverage of a base station.

Meanwhile, the network may configure a resource pool that may performthe D2D operation to the UE. For example, the network may inform the UEof the resource pool that may receive the D2D discovery signal throughsystem information. The UE may monitor the D2D discovery signal in theresource pool that may receive the D2D discovery signal. However, forexample, the UE may be a UE having only one receiving unit and aresource (frequency) for capable of receiving a downlink signal of ageneral cellular communication may be different from a resource(frequency) capable of receiving the D2D discovery signal. In this case,while the UE is monitoring/receiving the D2D discovery signal, it maynot receive a downlink signal of general cellular communication.

If the UE is for receiving the D2D discovery signal, it may only beinterested in some resources of the resource pool that may receive theD2D discovery signal. In this case, it is inefficient to not receive thedownlink signal of the cellular communication in the entire resourcepool by monitoring the D2D discovery signal in the entire resource pool.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Technical aspect which is to be solved in the present invention is toprovide a method of D2D operation performed by a UE in a wirelesscommunication system and the UE using the method.

In one aspect, provided is a method of device-to-device (D2D) operationof a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. The methodincludes transmitting sidelink UE information to a network and receivinga D2D resource configuration based on the sidelink UE information. Thesidelink UE information includes at least one of information whether theUE is interested in receiving a D2D signal and a resource allocationrequest for a transmission of the D2D signal.

The method may further include receiving system information indicating aresource pool capable of performing the D2D operation from the network.

The system information may inform the resource pool in which the UE iscapable of receiving a discovery signal.

The UE may inform the network of the resource with which the UE isinterested in receiving the D2D signal through the sidelink UEinformation.

The resource with which the UE is interested in receiving the D2D signalis a subset of resource pool capable of performing the D2D operationindicated by system information received from the network.

The D2D resource configuration may include gap information.

The gap information may be information indicating a time interval duringwhich the UE does not need to monitor a downlink signal transmitted fromthe network.

The UE may monitor the discovery signal in a time interval during whichthe UE does not need to monitor the downlink signal transmitted by thenetwork

The gap information may be indicated as a bitmap for subframes which arecapable of receiving the D2D signal.

In another aspect, provided is a user equipment (UE). The UE includes aRadio Frequency (RF) unit and a processor operatively coupled to the RFunit. The processor is further configured to: transmit sidelink UEinformation to a network and receive a D2D resource configuration basedon the sidelink UE information. The sidelink UE information includes atleast one of information whether the UE is interested in receiving a D2Dsignal and a resource allocation request for a transmission of the D2Dsignal.

According to the present invention, by informing the network of aresource in which the UE is interested for the D2D operation, thenetwork may guarantee the reliability of the D2D operation even if onlya limited resource is allocated to the UE.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the presentinvention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a userplane.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for acontrol plane.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of UE in the RRC idlestate.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of establishing RRCconnection.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an RRC connection reconfigurationprocess.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an RRC connection re-establishmentprocedure.

FIG. 8 illustrates substates which may be owned by UE in the RRC_IDLEstate and a substate transition process.

FIG. 9 shows a basic structure for ProSe.

FIG. 10 shows the deployment examples of types of UE performing ProSedirect communication and cell coverage.

FIG. 11 shows a user plane protocol stack for ProSe directcommunication.

FIG. 12 shows the PC 5 interface for D2D direct discovery.

FIG. 13 is an embodiment of a ProSe discovery process.

FIG. 14 is another embodiment of a ProSe discovery process.

FIG. 15 illustrates a D2D operation method of a UE according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates a method of operation when a UE having only onereceiving unit receives a D2D signal in the FDD.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of application to the D2D operationmethod of the UE.

FIG. 18 is another example of application to the D2D operation method ofthe UE.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a UE in which an embodiment of thepresent invention is implemented.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the presentinvention is applied. The wireless communication system may also bereferred to as an evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network(E-UTRAN) or a long term evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.

The E-UTRAN includes at least one base station (BS) 20 which provides acontrol plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE) 10. The UE 10may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to as another terminology,such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriberstation (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The BS 20is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may bereferred to as another terminology, such as an evolved node-B (eNB), abase transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

The BSs 20 are interconnected by means of an X2 interface. The BSs 20are also connected by means of an S1 interface to an evolved packet core(EPC) 30, more specifically, to a mobility management entity (MME)through S1-MME and to a serving gateway (S-GW) through S1-U.

The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway(P-GW). The MME has access information of the UE or capabilityinformation of the UE, and such information is generally used formobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRANas an end point. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an end point.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network canbe classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a thirdlayer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open systeminterconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communicationsystem. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layerprovides an information transfer service by using a physical channel,and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layerserves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. Forthis, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a userplane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture fora control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user datatransmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signaltransmission.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a PHY layer provides an upper layer with aninformation transfer service through a physical channel. The PHY layeris connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upperlayer of the PHY layer through a transport channel. Data is transferredbetween the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel.The transport channel is classified according to how and with whatcharacteristics data is transferred through a radio interface.

Data is moved between different PHY layers, that is, the PHY layers of atransmitter and a receiver, through a physical channel. The physicalchannel may be modulated according to an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and use the time and frequency as radioresources.

The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between a logical channeland a transport channel and multiplexing and demultiplexing to atransport block that is provided through a physical channel on thetransport channel of a MAC Service Data Unit (SDU) that belongs to alogical channel. The MAC layer provides service to a Radio Link Control(RLC) layer through the logical channel.

The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation,and reassembly of an RLC SDU. In order to guarantee various types ofQuality of Service (QoS) required by a Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layerprovides three types of operation mode: Transparent Mode (TM),Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provideserror correction through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer isrelated to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radiobearers, and is responsible for control of logical channels, transportchannels, and PHY channels. An RB means a logical route that is providedby the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layers (MAC layer, the RLClayer, and the PDCP layer) in order to transfer data between UE and anetwork.

The function of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on theuser plane includes the transfer of user data and header compression andciphering. The function of the PDCP layer on the user plane furtherincludes the transfer and encryption/integrity protection of controlplane data.

What an RB is configured means a process of defining the characteristicsof a wireless protocol layer and channels in order to provide specificservice and configuring each detailed parameter and operating method. AnRB can be divided into two types of a Signaling RB (SRB) and a Data RB(DRB). The SRB is used as a passage through which an RRC message istransmitted on the control plane, and the DRB is used as a passagethrough which user data is transmitted on the user plane.

If RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of UE and the RRClayer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. If not, theUE is in the RRC idle state.

A downlink transport channel through which data is transmitted from anetwork to UE includes a broadcast channel (BCH) through which systeminformation is transmitted and a downlink shared channel (SCH) throughwhich user traffic or control messages are transmitted. Traffic or acontrol message for downlink multicast or broadcast service may betransmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through anadditional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplinktransport channel through which data is transmitted from UE to a networkincludes a random access channel (RACH) through which an initial controlmessage is transmitted and an uplink shared channel (SCH) through whichuser traffic or control messages are transmitted.

Logical channels that are placed over the transport channel and that aremapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel(BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel(CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast trafficchannel (MTCH).

The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in the time domainand several subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe includes aplurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resourcesallocation unit, and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and aplurality of subcarriers. Furthermore, each subframe may use specificsubcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) ofthe corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel(PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. A Transmission Time Interval(TTI) is a unit time for subframe transmission.

The RRC state of UE and an RRC connection method are described below.

The RRC state means whether or not the RRC layer of UE is logicallyconnected to the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN. A case where the RRC layer ofUE is logically connected to the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN is referred toas an RRC connected state. A case where the RRC layer of UE is notlogically connected to the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN is referred to as anRRC idle state. The E-UTRAN may check the existence of corresponding UEin the RRC connected state in each cell because the UE has RRCconnection, so the UE may be effectively controlled. In contrast, theE-UTRAN is unable to check UE in the RRC idle state, and a Core Network(CN) manages UE in the RRC idle state in each tracking area, that is,the unit of an area greater than a cell. That is, the existence ornon-existence of UE in the RRC idle state is checked only for each largearea. Accordingly, the UE needs to shift to the RRC connected state inorder to be provided with common mobile communication service, such asvoice or data.

When a user first powers UE, the UE first searches for a proper cell andremains in the RRC idle state in the corresponding cell. The UE in theRRC idle state establishes RRC connection with an E-UTRAN through an RRCconnection procedure when it is necessary to set up the RRC connection,and shifts to the RRC connected state. A case where UE in the RRC idlestate needs to set up RRC connection includes several cases. Forexample, the cases may include a need to send uplink data for a reason,such as a call attempt by a user, and to send a response message as aresponse to a paging message received from an E-UTRAN.

A Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer placed over the RRC layer performsfunctions, such as session management and mobility management.

In the NAS layer, in order to manage the mobility of UE, two types ofstates: EPS Mobility Management-REGISTERED (EMM-REGISTERED) andEMM-DEREGISTERED are defined. The two states are applied to UE and theMME. UE is initially in the EMM-DEREGISTERED state. In order to access anetwork, the UE performs a process of registering it with thecorresponding network through an initial attach procedure. If the attachprocedure is successfully performed, the UE and the MME become theEMM-REGISTERED state.

In order to manage signaling connection between UE and the EPC, twotypes of states: an EPS Connection Management (ECM)-IDLE state and anECM-CONNECTED state are defined. The two states are applied to UE andthe MME. When the UE in the ECM-IDLE state establishes RRC connectionwith the E-UTRAN, the UE becomes the ECM-CONNECTED state. The MME in theECM-IDLE state becomes the ECM-CONNECTED state when it establishes S1connection with the E-UTRAN. When the UE is in the ECM-IDLE state, theE-UTRAN does not have information about the context of the UE.Accordingly, the UE in the ECM-IDLE state performs procedures related toUE-based mobility, such as cell selection or cell reselection, without aneed to receive a command from a network. In contrast, when the UE is inthe ECM-CONNECTED state, the mobility of the UE is managed in responseto a command from a network. If the location of the UE in the ECM-IDLEstate is different from a location known to the network, the UE informsthe network of its corresponding location through a tracking area updateprocedure.

System information is described below.

System information includes essential information that needs to be knownby UE in order for the UE to access a BS. Accordingly, the UE needs tohave received all pieces of system information before accessing the BS,and needs to always have the up-to-date system information. Furthermore,the BS periodically transmits the system information because the systeminformation is information that needs to be known by all UEs within onecell. The system information is divided into a Master Information Block(MIB) and a plurality of System Information Blocks (SIBs).

The MIB may include the limited number of parameters which are the mostessential and are most frequently transmitted in order to obtain otherinformation from a cell. UE first discovers an MIB after downlinksynchronization. The MIB may include information, such as a downlinkchannel bandwidth, a PHICH configuration, an SFN supportingsynchronization and operating as a timing reference, and an eNBtransmission antenna configuration. The MIB may be broadcasted on a BCH.

SystemInformationBlockType1 (SIB1) of included SIBs is included in a“SystemInformationBlockType1” message and transmitted. Other SIBs otherthan the SIB1 are included in a system information message andtransmitted. The mapping of the SIBs to the system information messagemay be flexibly configured by a scheduling information list parameterincluded in the SIB1. In this case, each SIB is included in a singlesystem information message. Only SIBs having the same schedulingrequired value (e.g. period) may be mapped to the same systeminformation message. Furthermore, SystemInformationBlockType2 (SIB2) isalways mapped to a system information message corresponding to the firstentry within the system information message list of a schedulinginformation list. A plurality of system information messages may betransmitted within the same period. The SIB1 and all of the systeminformation messages are transmitted on a DL-SCH.

In addition to broadcast transmission, in the E-UTRAN, the SIB1 may bechannel-dedicated signaling including a parameter set to have the samevalue as an existing set value. In this case, the SIB1 may be includedin an RRC connection re-establishment message and transmitted.

The SIB1 includes information related to UE cell access and defines thescheduling of other SIBs. The SIB1 may include information related tothe PLMN identifiers, Tracking Area Code (TAC), and cell ID of anetwork, a cell barring state indicative of whether a cell is a cell onwhich UE can camp, a required minimum reception level within a cellwhich is used as a cell reselection reference, and the transmission timeand period of other SIBs.

The SIB2 may include radio resource configuration information common toall types of UE. The SIB2 may include information related to an uplinkcarrier frequency and uplink channel bandwidth, an RACH configuration, apage configuration, an uplink power control configuration, a soundingreference signal configuration, a PUCCH configuration supportingACK/NACK transmission, and a PUSCH configuration.

UE may apply a procedure for obtaining system information and fordetecting a change of system information to only a PCell. In an SCell,when the corresponding SCell is added, the E-UTRAN may provide all typesof system information related to an RRC connection state operationthrough dedicated signaling. When system information related to aconfigured SCell is changed, the E-UTRAN may release a considered SCelland add the considered SCell later. This may be performed along with asingle RRC connection re-establishment message. The E-UTRAN may set avalue broadcast within a considered SCell and other parameter valuethrough dedicated signaling.

UE needs to guarantee the validity of a specific type of systeminformation. Such system information is called required systeminformation. The required system information may be defined as follows.

-   -   If UE is in the RRC_IDLE state: the UE needs to have the valid        version of the MIB and the SIB1 in addition to the SIB2 to SIB8.        This may comply with the support of a considered RAT.    -   If UE is in the RRC connection state: the UE needs to have the        valid version of the MIB, SIB1, and SIB2.

In general, the validity of system information may be guaranteed up to amaximum of 3 hours after being obtained.

In general, service that is provided to UE by a network may beclassified into three types as follows. Furthermore, the UE differentlyrecognizes the type of cell depending on what service may be provided tothe UE. In the following description, a service type is first described,and the type of cell is described.

1) Limited service: this service provides emergency calls and anEarthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS), and may be provided by anacceptable cell.

2) Suitable service: this service means public service for common uses,and may be provided by a suitable cell (or a normal cell).

3) Operator service: this service means service for communicationnetwork operators. This cell may be used by only communication networkoperators, but may not be used by common users.

In relation to a service type provided by a cell, the type of cell maybe classified as follows.

1) An acceptable cell: this cell is a cell from which UE may be providedwith limited service. This cell is a cell that has not been barred froma viewpoint of corresponding UE and that satisfies the cell selectioncriterion of the UE.

2) A suitable cell: this cell is a cell from which UE may be providedwith suitable service. This cell satisfies the conditions of anacceptable cell and also satisfies additional conditions. The additionalconditions include that the suitable cell needs to belong to a PublicLand Mobile Network (PLMN) to which corresponding UE may access and thatthe suitable cell is a cell on which the execution of a tracking areaupdate procedure by the UE is not barred. If a corresponding cell is aCSG cell, the cell needs to be a cell to which UE may access as a memberof the CSG.

3) A barred cell: this cell is a cell that broadcasts informationindicative of a barred cell through system information.

4) A reserved cell: this cell is a cell that broadcasts informationindicative of a reserved cell through system information.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of UE in the RRC idlestate. FIG. 4 illustrates a procedure in which UE that is initiallypowered on experiences a cell selection process, registers it with anetwork, and then performs cell reselection if necessary.

Referring to FIG. 4, the UE selects Radio Access Technology (RAT) inwhich the UE communicates with a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), thatis, a network from which the UE is provided with service (S410).Information about the PLMN and the RAT may be selected by the user ofthe UE, and the information stored in a Universal Subscriber IdentityModule (USIM) may be used.

The UE selects a cell that has the greatest value and that belongs tocells having measured BS and signal intensity or quality greater than aspecific value (cell selection) (S420). In this case, the UE that ispowered off performs cell selection, which may be called initial cellselection. A cell selection procedure is described later in detail.After the cell selection, the UE receives system informationperiodically by the BS. The specific value refers to a value that isdefined in a system in order for the quality of a physical signal indata transmission/reception to be guaranteed. Accordingly, the specificvalue may differ depending on applied RAT.

If network registration is necessary, the UE performs a networkregistration procedure (S430). The UE registers its information (e.g.,an IMSI) with the network in order to receive service (e.g., paging)from the network. The UE does not register it with a network whenever itselects a cell, but registers it with a network when information aboutthe network (e.g., a Tracking Area Identity (TAI)) included in systeminformation is different from information about the network that isknown to the UE.

The UE performs cell reselection based on a service environment providedby the cell or the environment of the UE (S440). If the value of theintensity or quality of a signal measured based on a BS from which theUE is provided with service is lower than that measured based on a BS ofa neighboring cell, the UE selects a cell that belongs to other cellsand that provides better signal characteristics than the cell of the BSthat is accessed by the UE. This process is called cell reselectiondifferently from the initial cell selection of the No. 2 process. Inthis case, temporal restriction conditions are placed in order for acell to be frequently reselected in response to a change of signalcharacteristic. A cell reselection procedure is described later indetail.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process of establishing RRCconnection.

UE sends an RRC connection request message that requests RRC connectionto a network (S510). The network sends an RRC connection establishmentmessage as a response to the RRC connection request (S520). Afterreceiving the RRC connection establishment message, the UE enters RRCconnected mode.

The UE sends an RRC connection establishment complete message used tocheck the successful completion of the RRC connection to the network(S530).

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an RRC connection reconfigurationprocess. An RRC connection reconfiguration is used to modify RRCconnection. This is used to establish/modify/release RBs, performhandover, and set up/modify/release measurements.

A network sends an RRC connection reconfiguration message for modifyingRRC connection to UE (S610). As a response to the RRC connectionreconfiguration message, the UE sends an RRC connection reconfigurationcomplete message used to check the successful completion of the RRCconnection reconfiguration to the network (S620).

Hereinafter, a public land mobile network (PLMN) is described.

The PLMN is a network which is disposed and operated by a mobile networkoperator. Each mobile network operator operates one or more PLMNs. EachPLMN may be identified by a Mobile Country Code (MCC) and a MobileNetwork Code (MNC). PLMN information of a cell is included in systeminformation and broadcasted.

In PLMN selection, cell selection, and cell reselection, various typesof PLMNs may be considered by the terminal.

Home PLMN (HPLMN): PLMN having MCC and MNC matching with MCC and MNC ofa terminal IMSI.

Equivalent HPLMN (EHPLMN): PLMN serving as an equivalent of an HPLMN.

Registered PLMN (RPLMN): PLMN successfully finishing locationregistration.

Equivalent PLMN (EPLMN): PLMN serving as an equivalent of an RPLMN.

Each mobile service consumer subscribes in the HPLMN. When a generalservice is provided to the terminal through the HPLMN or the EHPLMN, theterminal is not in a roaming state. Meanwhile, when the service isprovided to the terminal through a PLMN except for the HPLMN/EHPLMN, theterminal is in the roaming state. In this case, the PLMN refers to aVisited PLMN (VPLMN).

When UE is initially powered on, the UE searches for available PublicLand Mobile Networks (PLMNs) and selects a proper PLMN from which the UEis able to be provided with service. The PLMN is a network that isdeployed or operated by a mobile network operator. Each mobile networkoperator operates one or more PLMNs. Each PLMN may be identified byMobile Country Code (MCC) and Mobile Network Code (MNC). Informationabout the PLMN of a cell is included in system information andbroadcasted. The UE attempts to register it with the selected PLMN. Ifregistration is successful, the selected PLMN becomes a Registered PLMN(RPLMN). The network may signalize a PLMN list to the UE. In this case,PLMNs included in the PLMN list may be considered to be PLMNs, such asRPLMNs. The UE registered with the network needs to be able to be alwaysreachable by the network. If the UE is in the ECM-CONNECTED state(identically the RRC connection state), the network recognizes that theUE is being provided with service. If the UE is in the ECM-IDLE state(identically the RRC idle state), however, the situation of the UE isnot valid in an eNB, but is stored in the MME. In such a case, only theMME is informed of the location of the UE in the ECM-IDLE state throughthe granularity of the list of Tracking Areas (TAs). A single TA isidentified by a Tracking Area Identity (TAI) formed of the identifier ofa PLMN to which the TA belongs and Tracking Area Code (TAC) thatuniquely expresses the TA within the PLMN.

Thereafter, the UE selects a cell that belongs to cells provided by theselected PLMN and that has signal quality and characteristics on whichthe UE is able to be provided with proper service.

The following is a detailed description of a procedure of selecting acell by a terminal.

When power is turned-on or the terminal is located in a cell, theterminal performs procedures for receiving a service byselecting/reselecting a suitable quality cell.

A terminal in an RRC idle state should prepare to receive a servicethrough the cell by always selecting a suitable quality cell. Forexample, a terminal where power is turned-on just before should selectthe suitable quality cell to be registered in a network. If the terminalin an RRC connection state enters in an RRC idle state, the terminalshould selects a cell for stay in the RRC idle state. In this way, aprocedure of selecting a cell satisfying a certain condition by theterminal in order to be in a service idle state such as the RRC idlestate refers to cell selection. Since the cell selection is performed ina state that a cell in the RRC idle state is not currently determined,it is important to select the cell as rapid as possible. Accordingly, ifthe cell provides a wireless signal quality of a predetermined level orgreater, although the cell does not provide the best wireless signalquality, the cell may be selected during a cell selection procedure ofthe terminal.

A method and a procedure of selecting a cell by a terminal in a 3GPP LTEis described with reference to 3GPP TS 36.304 V8.5.0 (2009-03) “UserEquipment (UE) procedures in idle mode (Release 8)”.

A cell selection process is basically divided into two types.

The first is an initial cell selection process. In this process, UE doesnot have preliminary information about a wireless channel. Accordingly,the UE searches for all wireless channels in order to find out a propercell. The UE searches for the strongest cell in each channel Thereafter,if the UE has only to search for a suitable cell that satisfies a cellselection criterion, the UE selects the corresponding cell.

Next, the UE may select the cell using stored information or usinginformation broadcasted by the cell. Accordingly, cell selection may befast compared to an initial cell selection process. If the UE has onlyto search for a cell that satisfies the cell selection criterion, the UEselects the corresponding cell. If a suitable cell that satisfies thecell selection criterion is not retrieved though such a process, the UEperforms an initial cell selection process.

The cell selection criterion may be defined as below equation 1.Srxlev>0 AND Squal>0where:Srxlev=Q _(rxlevmeas)−(Q _(rxlevmin) +Q _(rxlevminoffset))−PcompensationSqual=Q _(qualmeas)−(Q _(qualmin) +Q _(qualminoffset))  [Equation 1]

Here, the variables in the equation 1 may be defined as below table 1.

TABLE 1 Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) Squal Cell selectionquality value (dB) Q_(rxlevmeas) Measured cell RX level value (RSRP)Q_(qualmeas) Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) Q_(rxlevmin) Minimumrequired RX level in the cell (dBm) Q_(qualmin) Minimum required qualitylevel in the cell (dB) Q_(rxlevminoffset) Offset to the signalledQ_(rxlevmin) taken into account in the Srxlev evaluation as a result ofa periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in aVPLMN Q_(qualminoffset) Offset to the signalled Q_(qualmin) taken intoaccount in the Squal evaluation as a result of a periodic search for ahigher priority PLMN while camped normally in a VPLMN Pcompensationmax(P_(EMAX) − P_(PowerClass), 0) (dB) p_(EMAX) Maximum TX power levelan UE may use when transmitting on the uplink in the cell (dBm) definedas P_(EMAX) in [TS 36.101] P_(PowerClass) Maximum RF output power of theUE (dBm) according to the UE power class as defined in [TS 36.101]

Signalled values, i.e., Q_(rxlevminoffset) and Q_(qualminoffset), may beapplied to a case where cell selection is evaluated as a result ofperiodic search for a higher priority PLMN during a UE camps on a normalcell in a VPLMN. During the periodic search for the higher priority PLMNas described above, the UE may perform the cell selection evaluation byusing parameter values stored in other cells of the higher priorityPLMN.

After the UE selects a specific cell through the cell selection process,the intensity or quality of a signal between the UE and a BS may bechanged due to a change in the mobility or wireless environment of theUE. Accordingly, if the quality of the selected cell is deteriorated,the UE may select another cell that provides better quality. If a cellis reselected as described above, the UE selects a cell that providesbetter signal quality than the currently selected cell. Such a processis called cell reselection. In general, a basic object of the cellreselection process is to select a cell that provides UE with the bestquality from a viewpoint of the quality of a radio signal.

In addition to the viewpoint of the quality of a radio signal, a networkmay determine priority corresponding to each frequency, and may informthe UE of the determined priorities. The UE that has received thepriorities preferentially takes into consideration the priorities in acell reselection process compared to a radio signal quality criterion.

As described above, there is a method of selecting or reselecting a cellaccording to the signal characteristics of a wireless environment. Inselecting a cell for reselection when a cell is reselected, thefollowing cell reselection methods may be present according to the RATand frequency characteristics of the cell.

-   -   Intra-frequency cell reselection: UE reselects a cell having the        same center frequency as that of RAT, such as a cell on which        the UE camps on.    -   Inter-frequency cell reselection: UE reselects a cell having a        different center frequency from that of RAT, such as a cell on        which the UE camps on    -   Inter-RAT cell reselection: UE reselects a cell that uses RAT        different from RAT on which the UE camps

The principle of a cell reselection process is as follows.

First, UE measures the quality of a serving cell and neighbor cells forcell reselection.

Second, cell reselection is performed based on a cell reselectioncriterion. The cell reselection criterion has the followingcharacteristics in relation to the measurements of a serving cell andneighbor cells.

Intra-frequency cell reselection is basically based on ranking. Rankingis a task for defining a criterion value for evaluating cell reselectionand numbering cells using criterion values according to the size of thecriterion values. A cell having the best criterion is commonly calledthe best-ranked cell. The cell criterion value is based on the value ofa corresponding cell measured by UE, and may be a value to which afrequency offset or cell offset has been applied, if necessary.

Inter-frequency cell reselection is based on frequency priority providedby a network. UE attempts to camp on a frequency having the highestfrequency priority. A network may provide frequency priority that willbe applied by UEs within a cell in common through broadcastingsignaling, or may provide frequency-specific priority to each UE throughUE-dedicated signaling. A cell reselection priority provided throughbroadcast signaling may refer to a common priority. A cell reselectionpriority for each terminal set by a network may refer to a dedicatedpriority. If receiving the dedicated priority, the terminal may receivea valid time associated with the dedicated priority together. Ifreceiving the dedicated priority, the terminal starts a validity timerset as the received valid time together therewith. While the valid timeris operated, the terminal applies the dedicated priority in the RRC idlemode. If the valid timer is expired, the terminal discards the dedicatedpriority and again applies the common priority.

For the inter-frequency cell reselection, a network may provide UE witha parameter (e.g., a frequency-specific offset) used in cell reselectionfor each frequency.

For the intra-frequency cell reselection or the inter-frequency cellreselection, a network may provide UE with a Neighboring Cell List (NCL)used in cell reselection. The NCL includes a cell-specific parameter(e.g., a cell-specific offset) used in cell reselection.

For the intra-frequency or inter-frequency cell reselection, a networkmay provide UE with a cell reselection black list used in cellreselection. The UE does not perform cell reselection on a cell includedin the black list.

Ranking performed in a cell reselection evaluation process is describedbelow.

A ranking criterion used to apply priority to a cell is defined as inEquation 2.Rs=Qmeas,s+Qhyst,Rn=Qmeas,s−Qoffset  [Equation 2]

In this case, Rs is the ranking criterion of a serving cell, Rn is theranking criterion of a neighbor cell, Qmeas,s is the quality value ofthe serving cell measured by UE, Qmeas,n is the quality value of theneighbor cell measured by UE, Qhyst is the hysteresis value for ranking,and Qoffset is an offset between the two cells.

In Intra-frequency, if UE receives an offset “Qoffsets,n” between aserving cell and a neighbor cell, Qoffset=Qoffsets,n. If UE does notQoffsets,n, Qoffset=0.

In Inter-frequency, if UE receives an offset “Qoffsets,n” for acorresponding cell, Qoffset=Qoffsets,n+Qfrequency. If UE does notreceive “Qoffsets,n”, Qoffset=Qfrequency.

If the ranking criterion Rs of a serving cell and the ranking criterionRn of a neighbor cell are changed in a similar state, ranking priorityis frequency changed as a result of the change, and UE may alternatelyreselect the twos. Qhyst is a parameter that gives hysteresis to cellreselection so that UE is prevented from to alternately reselecting twocells.

UE measures RS of a serving cell and Rn of a neighbor cell according tothe above equation, considers a cell having the greatest rankingcriterion value to be the best-ranked cell, and reselects the cell.

In accordance with the criterion, it may be checked that the quality ofa cell is the most important criterion in cell reselection. If areselected cell is not a suitable cell, UE excludes a correspondingfrequency or a corresponding cell from the subject of cell reselection.

A Radio Link Failure (RLF) is described below.

UE continues to perform measurements in order to maintain the quality ofa radio link with a serving cell from which the UE receives service. TheUE determines whether or not communication is impossible in a currentsituation due to the deterioration of the quality of the radio link withthe serving cell. If communication is almost impossible because thequality of the serving cell is too low, the UE determines the currentsituation to be an RLF.

If the RLF is determined, the UE abandons maintaining communication withthe current serving cell, selects a new cell through cell selection (orcell reselection) procedure, and attempts RRC connectionre-establishment with the new cell.

In the specification of 3GPP LTE, the following examples are taken ascases where normal communication is impossible.

-   -   A case where UE determines that there is a serious problem in        the quality of a downlink communication link (a case where the        quality of a PCell is determined to be low while performing RLM)        based on the radio quality measured results of the PHY layer of        the UE    -   A case where uplink transmission is problematic because a random        access procedure continues to fail in the MAC sublayer.    -   A case where uplink transmission is problematic because uplink        data transmission continues to fail in the RLC sublayer.    -   A case where handover is determined to have failed.    -   A case where a message received by UE does not pass through an        integrity check.

An RRC connection re-establishment procedure is described in more detailbelow.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an RRC connection re-establishmentprocedure.

Referring to FIG. 7, UE stops using all the radio bearers that have beenconfigured other than a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) #0, and initializesa variety of kinds of sublayers of an Access Stratum (AS) (S710).Furthermore, the UE configures each sublayer and the PHY layer as adefault configuration. In this process, the UE maintains the RRCconnection state.

The UE performs a cell selection procedure for performing an RRCconnection reconfiguration procedure (S720). The cell selectionprocedure of the RRC connection re-establishment procedure may beperformed in the same manner as the cell selection procedure that isperformed by the UE in the RRC idle state, although the UE maintains theRRC connection state.

After performing the cell selection procedure, the UE determines whetheror not a corresponding cell is a suitable cell by checking the systeminformation of the corresponding cell (S730). If the selected cell isdetermined to be a suitable E-UTRAN cell, the UE sends an RRC connectionre-establishment request message to the corresponding cell (S740).

Meanwhile, if the selected cell is determined to be a cell that uses RATdifferent from that of the E-UTRAN through the cell selection procedurefor performing the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, the UEstops the RRC connection re-establishment procedure and enters the RRCidle state (S750).

The UE may be implemented to finish checking whether the selected cellis a suitable cell through the cell selection procedure and thereception of the system information of the selected cell. To this end,the UE may drive a timer when the RRC connection re-establishmentprocedure is started. The timer may be stopped if it is determined thatthe UE has selected a suitable cell. If the timer expires, the UE mayconsider that the RRC connection re-establishment procedure has failed,and may enter the RRC idle state. Such a timer is hereinafter called anRLF timer. In LTE spec TS 36.331, a timer named “T311” may be used as anRLF timer. The UE may obtain the set value of the timer from the systeminformation of the serving cell.

If an RRC connection re-establishment request message is received fromthe UE and the request is accepted, a cell sends an RRC connectionre-establishment message to the UE.

The UE that has received the RRC connection re-establishment messagefrom the cell reconfigures a PDCP sublayer and an RLC sublayer with anSRB1. Furthermore, the UE calculates various key values related tosecurity setting, and reconfigures a PDCP sublayer responsible forsecurity as the newly calculated security key values. Accordingly, theSRB 1 between the UE and the cell is open, and the UE and the cell mayexchange RRC control messages. The UE completes the restart of the SRB1,and sends an RRC connection re-establishment complete message indicativeof that the RRC connection re-establishment procedure has been completedto the cell (S760).

In contrast, if the RRC connection re-establishment request message isreceived from the UE and the request is not accepted, the cell sends anRRC connection re-establishment reject message to the UE.

If the RRC connection re-establishment procedure is successfullyperformed, the cell and the UE perform an RRC connection reconfigurationprocedure. Accordingly, the UE recovers the state prior to the executionof the RRC connection re-establishment procedure, and the continuity ofservice is guaranteed to the upmost.

FIG. 8 illustrates substates which may be owned by UE in the RRC_IDLEstate and a substate transition process.

Referring to FIG. 8, UE performs an initial cell selection process(S801). The initial cell selection process may be performed when thereis no cell information stored with respect to a PLMN or if a suitablecell is not discovered.

If a suitable cell is unable to be discovered in the initial cellselection process, the UE transits to any cell selection state (S802).The any cell selection state is the state in which the UE has not campedon a suitable cell and an acceptable cell and is the state in which theUE attempts to discover an acceptable cell of a specific PLMN on whichthe UE may camp. If the UE has not discovered any cell on which it maycamp, the UE continues to stay in the any cell selection state until itdiscovers an acceptable cell.

If a suitable cell is discovered in the initial cell selection process,the UE transits to a normal camp state (S803). The normal camp staterefers to the state in which the UE has camped on the suitable cell. Inthis state, the UE may select and monitor a paging channel based oninformation provided through system information and may perform anevaluation process for cell reselection.

If a cell reselection evaluation process (S804) is caused in the normalcamp state (S803), the UE performs a cell reselection evaluation process(S804). If a suitable cell is discovered in the cell reselectionevaluation process (S804), the UE transits to the normal camp state(S803) again.

If an acceptable cell is discovered in the any cell selection state(S802), the UE transmits to any cell camp state (S805). The any cellcamp state is the state in which the UE has camped on the acceptablecell.

In the any cell camp state (S805), the UE may select and monitor apaging channel based on information provided through system informationand may perform the evaluation process (S806) for cell reselection. Ifan acceptable cell is not discovered in the evaluation process (S806)for cell reselection, the UE transits to the any cell selection state(S802).

Now, a device-to-device (D2D) operation is described. In 3GPP LTE-A, aservice related to the D2D operation is called a proximity service(ProSe). Now, the ProSe is described. Hereinafter, the ProSe is the sameconcept as the D2D operation, and the ProSe and the D2D operation may beused without distinction.

The ProSe includes ProSe direction communication and ProSe directdiscovery. The ProSe direct communication is communication performedbetween two or more proximate UEs. The UEs may perform communication byusing a protocol of a user plane. A ProSe-enabled UE implies a UEsupporting a procedure related to a requirement of the ProSe. Unlessotherwise specified, the ProSe-enabled UE includes both of a publicsafety UE and a non-public safety UE. The public safety UE is a UEsupporting both of a function specified for a public safety and a ProSeprocedure, and the non-public safety UE is a UE supporting the ProSeprocedure and not supporting the function specified for the publicsafety.

ProSe direct discovery is a process for discovering anotherProSe-enabled UE adjacent to ProSe-enabled UE. In this case, only thecapabilities of the two types of ProSe-enabled UE are used. EPC-levelProSe discovery means a process for determining, by an EPC, whether thetwo types of ProSe-enabled UE are in proximity and notifying the twotypes of ProSe-enabled UE of the proximity.

Hereinafter, for convenience, the ProSe direct communication may bereferred to as D2D communication, and the ProSe direct discovery may bereferred to as D2D discovery.

FIG. 9 shows a basic structure for ProSe.

Referring to FIG. 9, the basic structure for ProSe includes an E-UTRAN,an EPC, a plurality of types of UE including a ProSe applicationprogram, a ProSe application server (a ProSe APP server), and a ProSefunction.

The EPC represents an E-UTRAN core network configuration. The EPC mayinclude an MME, an S-GW, a P-GW, a policy and charging rules function(PCRF), a home subscriber server (HSS) and so on.

The ProSe APP server is a user of a ProSe capability for producing anapplication function. The ProSe APP server may communicate with anapplication program within UE. The application program within UE may usea ProSe capability for producing an application function.

The ProSe function may include at least one of the followings, but isnot necessarily limited thereto.

-   -   Interworking via a reference point toward the 3rd party        applications    -   Authorization and configuration of UE for discovery and direct        communication    -   Enable the functionality of EPC level ProSe discovery    -   ProSe related new subscriber data and handling of data storage,        and also handling of the ProSe identities    -   Security related functionality    -   Provide control towards the EPC for policy related functionality    -   Provide functionality for charging (via or outside of the EPC,        e.g., offline charging)

A reference point and a reference interface in the basic structure forProSe are described below.

-   -   PC1: a reference point between the ProSe application program        within the UE and the ProSe application program within the ProSe        APP server. This is used to define signaling requirements in an        application dimension.    -   PC2: a reference point between the ProSe APP server and the        ProSe function. This is used to define an interaction between        the ProSe APP server and the ProSe function. The update of        application data in the ProSe database of the ProSe function may        be an example of the interaction.    -   PC3: a reference point between the UE and the ProSe function.        This is used to define an interaction between the UE and the        ProSe function. A configuration for ProSe discovery and        communication may be an example of the interaction.    -   PC4: a reference point between the EPC and the ProSe function.        This is used to define an interaction between the EPC and the        ProSe function. The interaction may illustrate the time when a        path for 1:1 communication between types of UE is set up or the        time when ProSe service for real-time session management or        mobility management is authenticated.    -   PC5: a reference point used for using control/user plane for        discovery and communication, relay, and 1:1 communication        between types of UE.    -   PC6: a reference point for using a function, such as ProSe        discovery, between users belonging to different PLMNs.    -   SGi: this may be used to exchange application data and types of        application dimension control information.

<ProSe Direct Communication>

ProSe direct communication is communication mode in which two types ofpublic safety UE can perform direct communication through a PC 5interface. Such communication mode may be supported when UE is suppliedwith services within coverage of an E-UTRAN or when UE deviates fromcoverage of an E-UTRAN.

FIG. 10 shows the deployment examples of types of UE performing ProSedirect communication and cell coverage.

Referring to FIG. 10(a), types of UE A and B may be placed outside cellcoverage. Referring to FIG. 10(b), UE A may be placed within cellcoverage, and UE B may be placed outside cell coverage. Referring toFIG. 10(c), types of UE A and B may be placed within single cellcoverage. Referring to FIG. 10(d), UE A may be placed within coverage ofa first cell, and UE B may be placed within coverage of a second cell.

ProSe direct communication may be performed between types of UE placedat various positions as in FIG. 10.

Meanwhile, the following IDs may be used in ProSe direct communication.

A source layer-2 ID: this ID identifies the sender of a packet in the PC5 interface.

A destination layer-2 ID: this ID identifies the target of a packet inthe PC 5 interface.

An SA L1 ID: this ID is the ID of scheduling assignment (SA) in the PC 5interface.

FIG. 11 shows a user plane protocol stack for ProSe directcommunication.

Referring to FIG. 11, the PC 5 interface includes a PDCH, RLC, MAC, andPHY layers.

In ProSe direct communication, HARQ feedback may not be present. An MACheader may include a source layer-2 ID and a destination layer-2 ID.

<Radio Resource Assignment for ProSe Direct Communication>

ProSe-enabled UE may use the following two types of mode for resourceassignment for ProSe direct communication.

1. Mode 1

Mode 1 is mode in which resources for ProSe direct communication arescheduled by an eNB. UE needs to be in the RRC_CONNECTED state in orderto send data in accordance with mode 1. The UE requests a transmissionresource from an eNB. The eNB performs scheduling assignment andschedules resources for sending data. The UE may send a schedulingrequest to the eNB and send a ProSe Buffer Status Report (BSR). The eNBhas data to be subjected to ProSe direct communication by the UE basedon the ProSe BSR and determines that a resource for transmission isrequired.

2. Mode 2

Mode 2 is mode in which UE directly selects a resource. UE directlyselects a resource for ProSe direct communication in a resource pool.The resource pool may be configured by a network or may have beenpreviously determined.

Meanwhile, if UE has a serving cell, that is, if the UE is in theRRC_CONNECTED state with an eNB or is placed in a specific cell in theRRC_IDLE state, the UE is considered to be placed within coverage of theeNB.

If UE is placed outside coverage, only mode 2 may be applied. If the UEis placed within the coverage, the UE may use mode 1 or mode 2 dependingon the configuration of an eNB.

If another exception condition is not present, only when an eNB performsa configuration, UE may change mode from mode 1 to mode 2 or from mode 2to mode 1.

<ProSe Direct Discovery>

ProSe direct discovery refers to a procedure that is used forProSe-enabled UE to discover another ProSe-enabled UE in proximity andis also called D2D direct discovery. In this case, E-UTRA radio signalsthrough the PC 5 interface may be used. Information used in ProSe directdiscovery is hereinafter called discovery information.

FIG. 12 shows the PC 5 interface for D2D direct discovery.

Referring to FIG. 12, the PC 5 interface includes an MAC layer, a PHYlayer, and a ProSe Protocol layer, that is, a higher layer. The higherlayer (the ProSe Protocol) handles the permission of the announcementand monitoring of discovery information. The contents of the discoveryinformation are transparent to an access stratum (AS). The ProSeProtocol transfers only valid discovery information to the AS forannouncement.

The MAC layer receives discovery information from the higher layer (theProSe Protocol). An IP layer is not used to send discovery information.The MAC layer determines a resource used to announce discoveryinformation received from the higher layer. The MAC layer produces anMAC protocol data unit (PDU) for carrying discovery information andsends the MAC PDU to the physical layer. An MAC header is not added.

In order to announce discovery information, there are two types ofresource assignment.

1. Type 1

The type 1 is a method for assigning a resource for announcing discoveryinformation in a UE-not-specific manner. An eNB provides a resource poolconfiguration for discovery information announcement to types of UE. Theconfiguration may be signaled through the SIB.

UE autonomously selects a resource from an indicated resource pool andannounces discovery information using the selected resource. The UE mayannounce the discovery information through a randomly selected resourceduring each discovery period.

2. Type 2

The type 2 is a method for assigning a resource for announcing discoveryinformation in a UE-specific manner UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state mayrequest a resource for discovery signal announcement from an eNB throughan RRC signal. The eNB may announce a resource for discovery signalannouncement through an RRC signal. A resource for discovery signalmonitoring may be assigned within a resource pool configured for typesof UE.

An eNB 1) may announce a type 1 resource pool for discovery signalannouncement to UE in the RRC_IDLE state through the SIB. Types of UEwhose ProSe direct discovery has been permitted use the type 1 resourcepool for discovery information announcement in the RRC_IDLE state.Alternatively, the eNB 2) announces that the eNB supports ProSe directdiscovery through the SIB, but may not provide a resource for discoveryinformation announcement. In this case, UE needs to enter theRRC_CONNECTED state for discovery information announcement.

An eNB may configure that UE has to use a type 1 resource pool fordiscovery information announcement or has to use a type 2 resourcethrough an RRC signal in relation to UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state.

FIG. 13 is an embodiment of a ProSe discovery process.

Referring to FIG. 13, it is assumed that UE A and UE B haveProSe-enabled application programs managed therein and have beenconfigured to have a ‘friend’ relation between them in the applicationprograms, that is, a relationship in which D2D communication may bepermitted between them. Hereinafter, the UE B may be represented as a‘friend’ of the UE A. The application program may be, for example, asocial networking program. ‘3GPP Layers’ correspond to the functions ofan application program for using ProSe discovery service, which havebeen defined by 3GPP.

Direct discovery between the types of UE A and B may experience thefollowing process.

1. First, the UE A performs regular application layer communication withthe APP server. The communication is based on an Application ProgramInterface (API).

2. The ProSe-enabled application program of the UE A receives a list ofapplication layer IDs having a ‘friend’ relation. In general, theapplication layer ID may have a network access ID form. For example, theapplication layer ID of the UE A may have a form, such as“adam@example.com.”

3. The UE A requests private expressions code for the user of the UE Aand private representation code for a friend of the user.

4. The 3GPP layers send a representation code request to the ProSeserver.

5. The ProSe server maps the application layer IDs, provided by anoperator or a third party APP server, to the private representationcode. For example, an application layer ID, such as adam@example.com,may be mapped to private representation code, such as“GTER543$#2FSJ67DFSF.” Such mapping may be performed based on parameters(e.g., a mapping algorithm, a key value and so on) received from the APPserver of a network.

6. The ProSe server sends the types of derived representation code tothe 3GPP layers. The 3GPP layers announce the successful reception ofthe types of representation code for the requested application layer IDto the ProSe-enabled application program. Furthermore, the 3GPP layersgenerate a mapping table between the application layer ID and the typesof representation code.

7. The ProSe-enabled application program requests the 3GPP layers tostart a discovery procedure. That is, the ProSe-enabled applicationprogram requests the 3GPP layers to start discovery when one of provided‘friends’ is placed in proximity to the UE A and direct communication ispossible. The 3GPP layers announces the private representation code(i.e., in the above example, “GTER543$#2FSJ67DFSF”, that is, the privaterepresentation code of adam@example.com) of the UE A. This ishereinafter called ‘announcement’. Mapping between the application layerID of the corresponding application program and the privaterepresentation code may be known to only ‘friends’ which have previouslyreceived such a mapping relation, and the ‘friends’ may perform suchmapping.

8. It is assumed that the UE B operates the same ProSe-enabledapplication program as the UE A and has executed the aforementioned 3 to6 steps. The 3GPP layers placed in the UE B may execute ProSe discovery.

9. When the UE B receives the aforementioned ‘announce’ from the UE A,the UE B determines whether the private representation code included inthe ‘announce’ is known to the UE B and whether the privaterepresentation code is mapped to the application layer ID. As describedthe 8 step, since the UE B has also executed the 3 to 6 steps, it isaware of the private representation code, mapping between the privaterepresentation code and the application layer ID, and correspondingapplication program of the UE A. Accordingly, the UE B may discover theUE A from the ‘announce’ of the UE A. The 3GPP layers announce thatadam@example.com has been discovered to the ProSe-enabled applicationprogram within the UE B.

In FIG. 13, the discovery procedure has been described by taking intoconsideration all of the types of UE A and B, the ProSe server, the APPserver and so on. From the viewpoint of the operation between the typesof UE A and B, the UE A sends (this process may be called announcement)a signal called announcement, and the UE B receives the announce anddiscovers the UE A. That is, from the aspect that an operation thatbelongs to operations performed by types of UE and that is directlyrelated to another UE is only step, the discovery process of FIG. 13 mayalso be called a single step discovery procedure.

FIG. 14 is another embodiment of a ProSe discovery process.

In FIG. 14, types of UE 1 to 4 are assumed to types of UE included inspecific group communication system enablers (GCSE) group. It is assumedthat the UE 1 is a discoverer and the types of UE 2, 3, and 4 arediscoveree. UE 5 is UE not related to the discovery process.

The UE 1 and the UE 2-4 may perform a next operation in the discoveryprocess.

First, the UE 1 broadcasts a target discovery request message (may behereinafter abbreviated as a discovery request message or M1) in orderto discover whether specific UE included in the GCSE group is inproximity. The target discovery request message may include the uniqueapplication program group ID or layer-2 group ID of the specific GCSEgroup. Furthermore, the target discovery request message may include theunique ID, that is, application program private ID of the UE 1. Thetarget discovery request message may be received by the types of UE 2,3, 4, and 5.

The UE 5 sends no response message. In contrast, the types of UE 2, 3,and 4 included in the GCSE group send a target discovery responsemessage (may be hereinafter abbreviated as a discovery response messageor M2) as a response to the target discovery request message. The targetdiscovery response message may include the unique application programprivate ID of UE sending the message.

An operation between types of UE in the ProSe discovery processdescribed with reference to FIG. 14 is described below. The discoverer(the UE 1) sends a target discovery request message and receives atarget discovery response message, that is, a response to the targetdiscovery request message. Furthermore, when the discoveree (e.g., theUE 2) receives the target discovery request message, it sends a targetdiscovery response message, that is, a response to the target discoveryrequest message. Accordingly, each of the types of UE performs theoperation of the 2 step. In this aspect, the ProSe discovery process ofFIG. 14 may be called a 2-step discovery procedure.

In addition to the discovery procedure described in FIG. 14, if the UE 1(the discoverer) sends a discovery conform message (may be hereinafterabbreviated as an M3), that is, a response to the target discoveryresponse message, this may be called a 3-step discovery procedure.

Prior to the description of the present invention, D2D operation in UEaccording to the prior art will be described.

A UE operating in frequency division duplex (FDD) may use an FDDcarrier. The FDD carrier includes a DL (downlink) carrier used in adownlink from an eNB (network) to the UE and a UL (uplink) carrier usedin an uplink from the UE to the eNB, and the DL carrier and the ULcarrier have different frequencies. The UE may receive a downlink signalby a general cellular communication through the DL carrier and a signalaccording to a D2D operation (e.g., a D2D discovery signal transmittedby another UE) through the UL carrier.

The D2D discovery resource pool may be configured by the network, whenthe UE is able to receive the D2D discovery signal from the D2Ddiscovery resource pool. The D2D discovery resource pool may be informedvia a signal broadcasted by the network or a UE-specific signal for aparticular UE. When the UE has only one receiving unit, while the UE isreceiving the D2D discovery signal in the subframes (of the UL carrier)belonging to the D2D discovery resource pool, it is not expected to readthe DL signal in the DL carrier connected to the UL carrier. Morespecifically, it is not expected to read a downlink signal in a subframeimmediately prior to and subsequent to the subframes belonging to theD2D discovery resource pool capable of receiving the D2D discoverysignal. The UE in the RRC connection state may receive the RRC signalincluding one bit indicating whether the operation is applied or not. Ameasurement gap in cellular communication is excluded from theoperation. A reception of a paging signal has a higher priority than areception of the D2D signal. In the TDD carrier, the downlink signal maybe read according to the conventional operation on a carrier that isconfigured to monitor the D2D signal.

However, the UE may desire to use only a part of the D2D resources(e.g., the D2D discovery resource pool) configured by the network (Itmay be expressed that the UE is only interest in a partial resources).In the above example, if there is a UE that is interested in receivingthe D2D discovery signal only in partial subframes among the subframesbelonging to the D2D discovery resource pool, it is effective to furtherrestrict the D2D discovery resource pool for the UE. This is because thedownlink signal reception restriction by the cellular communication maybe limited to the above-mentioned partial resources (partial subframes)in the entire D2D discovery resource pool.

FIG. 15 illustrates a D2D operation method of a UE according to anembodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 15, the UE transmits sidelink UE information to thenetwork (S151). The Sidelink UE information may inform the networkwhether the UE is interested in receiving the D2D communication or theD2D discovery signal. Further, the Sidelink UE information may requestallocation/release of D2D resources for transmission of D2Dcommunication or D2D discovery signal.

Further, the Sidelink UE information may inform the network of the D2Dresource that the UE desires to use in receiving the D2D signal. Forexample, the Sidelink UE information may be informed to the network ofthe D2D discovery resource in which the UE is interested using forreceiving the D2D discovery signal.

For example, let's suppose that the network has informed via SIB 19 tothe UE of a D2D discovery resource pool that may be used to receive aD2D discovery signal.

The following table illustrates an example of the SIB 19.

TABLE 2 -- ASN1START SystemInformationBlockType19-r12 ::= SEQUENCE {discConfig-r12 SEQUENCE { discRxPool-r12 SL-DiscRxPoolList-r12,discTxPoolCommon-r12 SL-DiscTxPoolList-r12 OPTIONAL, -- Need ORdiscTxPower Info-r12 SL-DiscTxPowerInfoList-r12 OPTIONAL, -- Cond TxdiscSyncConfig-r12 SL-SyncConfigList-r12 OPTIONAL -- Need OR } OPTIONAL,-- Need OR discInterFreqList-r12 SL-CarrierFreqInfoList-r12 OPTIONAL, --Need OR lateNonCriticalExtension OCTET STRING OPTIONAL, ... }SL-CarrierFreqInfoList-r12 ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxFreq)) OFSL-CarrierFreqInfo-r12 SL-CarrierFreqInfo-12::= SEQUENCE {carrierFreq-r12 ARFCN-ValueEUTRA-r9, plmn-IdentityList-r12PLMN-IdentityList4-r12 OPTIONAL -- Need OP } PLMN-IdentityList4-r12::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxPLMN-r11)) OF PLMN-IdentityInfo2-r12PLMN-IdentityInfo2-r12 ::= CHOICE { plmn-Index-r12 INTEGER(1..maxPLMN-r11), plmnIdentity-r12 PLMN-Identity } -- ASN1STOP

In the above table, ‘discRxPool’ indicates the resources allowed toreceive the D2D discovery signal in the RRC idle state and the RRCconnected state, i.e., the D2D discovery reception resource pool.‘DiscTxPoolCommon’ indicates a D2D discovery transmission resource poolin which the UE is allowed to transmit the D2D discovery signal in theRRC idle state.

The UE may desire to use only a part of the D2D discovery receptionresource pool, not the entire D2D discovery receiving resource pool, toreceive the D2D discovery signal. In this case, the UE may inform thenetwork of the resource having some interest through the Sidelink UEinformation.

Let's suppose there are multiple pools of resources that may be used toreceive D2D signals, there is an index that may identify each pool ofresources, and the index is associated with a particular use. Forexample, the index may represent a particular service type, such as acommon safety/commercial service, or may represent a discovery signalrange. In this case, the UE may transmit indices indicating the use ofinterest to be included in the Sidelink UE information.

That is, the UE may transmit an index capable of identifying someresources that are interested in the D2D operation to be included in thesidelink UE information.

The network provides D2D resource configuration to the UE (S152). TheD2D resource configuration may inform the D2D resource determined basedon the Sidelink UE information. The D2D resource may be a subset of theD2D discovery reception resource pool.

The UE with only one receiving unit may be in general cellularcommunication with the network at frequency f1, while it may have toreceive the D2D signal at frequency f2. While the UE is monitoring theD2D signal at frequency f2, the UE may not perform downlink signalmonitoring/measurement in cellular communication at f1. In this respect,the resource in which the UE should monitor the D2D signal at frequencyf2 is similar to the measurement gap in cellular communication.Hereinafter, a resource that is required to monitor a D2D signal (e.g.,a D2D discovery signal) may be referred to as a sidelink gap or simply agap. In the subframe corresponding to the side link gap, the UE monitorsthe D2D signal and may not monitor/measure the downlink signal ingeneral cellular communication.

FIG. 16 illustrates a method of operation when a UE having only onereceiving unit receives a D2D signal in the FDD.

Referring to FIG. 16, F1 is an uplink (UL) carrier frequency and F2 is adownlink (DL) carrier frequency. F1 and F2 are FDD carriers and may belinked by SIB to form one cell.

The UE receives the downlink signal by the general cellularcommunication from the eNB at F2, and transmits the uplink signal fromF1 to the eNB. Further, the UE may be configured to receive/transmit theD2D signal, e.g., the D2D discovery signal, at F1.

The UE may configure partial resources 162 among the D2D discoveryreception resource pool 161 configured through system information fromthe eNB by the D2D resource configuration. The partial resource 162 maybe configured by the network based on the sidelink UE informationtransmitted by the UE.

The UE having only one receiving unit may not receive the downlinksignal at F2 because it has to monitor the D2D discovery signal at F1 inthe subframes belonging to the partial resources 162. Further, thedownlink signal may not be received in the subframe 163 immediatelyprior to the subframe belonging to the partial resource 162 and thesubframe 164 immediately subsequent to the subframe belonging to thepartial resource 162. The subframes 163 and 164 may be used as atransient time for frequency change between F1 and F2. As a result, theUE does not expect to receive the downlink signal from the resource 165of F2.

By the D2D resource configuration, the network (serving cell) may informthe following information.

The serving cell may inform the UE whether it is allowed to not read thedownlink signal in the corresponding subframe 165 or not.

For example, the serving cell may indicate whether it is allowed to notread the downlink signal on the downlink carrier frequency connected tothe uplink carrier frequency in the subframes belonging to a specificD2D discovery resource pool.

Or, the serving cell may indicate in the subframes belonging to at leastone D2D discovery resource pool whether it is allowed to not read thedownlink signal on the downlink carrier frequency connected to theuplink carrier frequency.

For example, the network may know resources in which the UE isinterested in receiving the D2D discovery signal based on the SidelinkUE information. Based on the resources, when performing downlinkscheduling for the UE, the network may not perform the downlinkscheduling in the subframe corresponding to a resource in which the UEis interested in receiving the D2D.

Meanwhile, if the UE has a plurality of receiving units and maysimultaneously receive signals on the downlink carrier and the uplinkcarrier, then it is possible to receive the D2D signal on the uplinkcarrier without affecting reception of the downlink signal on thedownlink carrier However, even in such a case, the present invention isuseful. For example, let's suppose that a downlink signal is receivedusing receiver 1 in band A and a D2D signal is received using receiver 2in the same band A. The eNB may allow the UE to not read the downlinksignals in partial subframes using the method described in FIGS. 15 and15. Then, in the partial subframes, the UE may use the receiver 1 formonitoring the D2D signal in the band B.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of application to the D2D operationmethod of the UE.

Referring to FIG. 17, the UE receives system information indicating aresource pool capable of performing a D2D operation (S210). D2Doperation encompasses D2D signal transmission/reception, D2Dcommunication, D2D discovery, etc. Herein, the D2D signal transmissionis taken as an example.

The UE transmits sidelink UE information including informationindicating a resource to which the D2D signal is to be transmitted(S220). That is, the UE itself informs the network of the resource inwhich is interested in the transmission of the D2D signal through thesidelink UE information. This process may be performed by requesting theUE to configure the sidelink gap to the network.

The UE receives a D2D resource configuration including a gapconfiguration determined based on information indicating a resource towhich the D2D signal is to be transmitted (S230). The gap configurationmeans a configuration for the sidelink gap described above. That is, thenetwork configures the sidelink gap to the UE. The sidelink gap may haveone pattern or a plurality of patterns. After configuring the sidelinkgap, the network may dynamically activate or deactivate (via a physicallayer signal or the MAC layer signal) for each pattern configuring thesidelink gap. The network may activate/deactivate all or only specificpatterns that configure the sidelink gap.

The subframe used for monitoring or transmission of the D2D discoverysignal is referred to as a discovery subframe. The UE in the RRCconnection state may be allowed to generate a sort of gap totransmit/receive the D2D discovery signal in the discovery subframe. Itmay be referred to as a sidelink gap (hereinafter, abbreviated as gap)as described above. The network may control whether the UE is allowed togenerate the gap.

Using the gap for transmission/reception of the D2D discovery signal maybe limited to prevent excessive performance degradation of signalreception by cellular communications.

When introducing a gap for transmission/reception of a D2D discoverysignal, the network may control whether or not to allow the generationof a gap via a UE-specific dedicated signal. A network operator mayallow the gap generation if it intends to increase the D2D discoverycapability of the UE and otherwise may not allow the gap generation.

The network may allow the UE in RRC connection via a dedicated signal togenerate a gap to be able to receive the D2D discovery signal on theprimary carrier. As described above, the network may control whether agap is generated or not. That is, the network may not allow or allowgeneration of a gap to a specific UE.

Meanwhile, there may be a plurality of transmission/reception resourcepools of the D2D signal signaled by the network (serving cell), and eachof the resource pools may not completely overlap with each other. Thatis, each resource pool may be overlapped for partial resource pools withother resource pools or not be overlapped at all.

If it is allowed to generate a gap in any subframe belonging to eachresource pool, too many gaps may be generated. As a result, performancedegradation may be occurred, which may not be neglected in the downlinksignal reception of the cellular communication. In order to prevent suchperformance degradation, it is necessary that certain restrictions beimposed on the generation of the gap.

For example, the UE may be allowed to generate gaps only in equal to orless than a certain number of the reception resource pools. For example,when there are five receiving resource pools, it may be allowed tocreate a gap in the corresponding subframes only in two receptionresource pools. A similar method may be applied to the transmissionresource pool.

The network may inform the UE of which resource pool in which the UE maygenerate the gap. The UE may receive instructions from the network andgenerate the gap only in the discovery subframe belonging to theindicated resource pool. Therefore, this method basically controls thegap by its resource pool. For this method, the UE may indicate therequired resource pool to the network.

The network may configure to the UE, the transmission/reception resourcepool capable of generating the gap for D2D signaltransmission/reception. That is, the network is to configure only thetransmission/reception resource pool capable of generating the gap forD2D signal transmission/reception to a specific UE.

The UE may inform the network of the pool of resources required tomonitor the D2D signal or the pool of resources required to transmit theD2D signal through the Sidelink UE information. As for changing thepreferred resource pool for monitoring or transmission, the UE mayupdate the existing preferred resource pool by transmitting the sidelinkUE information again.

Meanwhile, if the network does not specify a particular resource poolbut may only configure whether or not to allow the gap to be configured,the UE may determine that the gap may be generated only in the receptionresource pool informed to the network through the latest sidelink UEinformation. That is, the UE may generate the gap only in the subframesbelonging to the reception resource pool that the UE has previouslyinformed to the network through the sidelink UE information.

Transmitting the sidelink UE information (e.g., D2D gap configurationrequest information) including the resource information necessary forthe monitoring of D2D signal or the transmission of D2D signal to thenetwork, may be limited as the case where it is determined that the D2Dtransmission or the D2D reception desired by the UE is not availablewithout the D2D gap. For example, as for the UE equipped with twoindependent RF transmitting and receiving units and capable ofperforming D2D transmission and reception operations at a non-servingfrequency independently of an uplink/downlink operation at a servingfrequency, the D2D gap configuration request is not performed for theD2D transmission/reception operation, which is available without the D2Dgap configuration in the eNB.

Or, the network may configure an upper limit value that limits themaximum amount of gaps that the UE may generate. If the UE configuresthe gap only in the number of subframes smaller than the upper limitvalue, it may be considered that gap generation is allowed, up to theupper limit value within a time interval configured by the network.

For example, let's suppose that the threshold value indicating themaximum number of subframes of the gap that may be generated by the UEand configured by the network is threshold1 and the specific timeinterval is threshold2. The UE may consider that the generation of thegap as being allowed until the subframe with its number of threshold 1is used as the gap within the time interval composed of the subframeswith its number of threshold2.

With this method, the network may precisely control the generation ofthe gap. This is a gap control method for each UE. This method not onlymay be simple, but also may provide a sufficiently sophisticated controlmethod in many cases. However, the eNB may not know exactly when the UEwill generate the gap. Thus, this method may require the addition ofdiscovered reception resources.

The UE may configure the gap only in a limited number of receptionresource pools and in this case, an upper limit value for limiting themaximum amount of gaps in each reception resource pool may beconfigured. The UE may then configure the gap for each of the subframesto the upper limit value from each of the limited number of thereception resource pools. That is, the UE may generate the gap insubframes belonging to a limited number of reception resource poolsconfigured by the network. In this case, in each of the limited numberof reception resource pools, if the subframe less than the maximumnumber configured by the network are used as the gap, then it may beconsidered that the gap configuration is still allowed.

Alternatively, the network may configure whether the gap may beconfigured or not for reception of the discovery signal and the maximumvalue that limits the maximum amount of gap that may be generated by theUE.

The following table illustrates a dedicated configuration for aparticular UE for the D2D discovery.

TABLE 3 -- ASN1START ProseDiscConfig-12 ::= SEQUENCE {discTxResources-r12 CHOICE { release NULL, setup CHOICE { -- FFS whetherdedicated signalling is needed for ProseDiscGeneralConfig scheduled-r12SEQUENCE { discTxResourceReference-r12 ProseDiscResourcePool-r12OPTIONAL, -- Need ON discSF-Index-r12 INTEGER (1.. Nt−1 ) OPTIONAL, --Need ON discPRB-Index-r12 INTEGER (1.. Nf−1) OPTIONAL, -- Need ONdiscHoppingConfig-r12 Prose-HoppingConfigDisc-r12 OPTIONAL -- Need OR },ue-Selected-r12 SEQUENCE { discTxPoolDedicated-r12 ProseDiscPoolList4-12 OPTIONAL, -- Need ON -- eNote: introduce deltasignalling i.e. option to add/ rel an pool entriesdiscTxPowerInfoDedicated-r12 ProseDiscTxPowerInfoList-r12 OPTIONAL-NeedOR -- FFS whether dedicated signalling is needed fordiscTxPowerInfoDedicated } } } OPTIONAL, -- Need ON discRxResources-r12SEQUENCE { gapForDiscRx-r12 ENUMERATED {setup} OPTIONAL, --Need ORgapForDiscRxParameters-r12 SEQUENCE { gapForDiscRxSubframes-r12ENUMRATED {n2, n5, n10, n15, n20, n30, spare2, spare1},gapForDiscRxValidity-r12 ENUMERATED {sf200, sf500, sf1000, sf2000,spare4, spare3, spare2, spare1} } OPTIONAL, -- Need OR ... } -- ASN1STOP

In the above table, ‘gapForDiscRx’ indicates the reception gapconfiguration that receiving the downlink signal of the cellularcommunication is restricted for receiving the discovery signal.‘GapForDiscRx’ includes fields such as ‘gapForDiscRxParameters’,‘gapForDiscRxSubframes’, and ‘gapForDiscRxValidity’.‘GapForDiscRxSubframes’ may indicate the subframes used in the gapconfiguration and may indicate the maximum amount of subframes that theUE may generate in the gap. ‘GapForDiscRxSubframes’ may be provided inbitmap form. ‘GapForDiscRxValidity’ may indicate whether the gapgeneration is allowed or not.

In a similar form to the above table, the transmission gap in which thedownlink signal reception of cellular communication is restricted forthe transmission of discovery signal may be configured for the UE.

The network may configure the reception gap and the transmission gapseparately for the UE. Alternatively, the network may configure the gap,indicating whether the gap is intended for reception or fortransmission, or for both the transmission and the reception. If the gapis configured without an indication of the purposes of the gap, the UEmay consider the gap as for both the transmission and the reception.

The UE may inform the eNB of the resource pool to be used for receivingthe D2D discovery signal. That is, the UE may inform the network of thereception resource pool in which it is interesting in receiving the D2Ddiscovery signal. The UE may inform at least one eNB of the receptionresource pool to use for reception of the D2D discovery signal. Thereception resource pool may be a subset of the D2D reception resourcepool configured by the system information broadcasted by the network.The UE may inform the reception resource pool together, when a resourcerequest is transmitted for monitoring the D2D discovery signal ortransmitting the D2D discovery signal

FIG. 18 is another example of application to the D2D operation method ofthe UE.

Referring to FIG. 18, the UE receives system information indicating D2Dconfiguration information from a neighbor cell (S191). The D2Dconfiguration information includes D2D resource information (e.g.,time/frequency resource information) and/or synchronization information.

The UE transmits the sidelink UE information to the serving cell (S192).When the UE may report the D2D configuration information of theneighboring cell to the serving cell, it may report the entire D2Dconfiguration information of the neighboring cell or only some of theD2D configuration information of the neighboring cell. In order to morespecifically control the information included in the sidelink UEinformation, the network may configure the UE to report the entireneighboring cell D2D configuration information, or may configure the UEto report specific information (e.g., transmission pool configurationinformation or reception pool configuration information), among theneighboring cell D2D configuration information or to configure the UE toreport resources and the configuration information necessary for the D2Doperation. As an example, the resource information which is required for(interested in) the D2D transmission or the D2D reception by the UEamong the D2D configuration information (e.g., D2D resource) of theneighboring cell, may be informed to the serving cell through thesidelink UE information.

As another example, the UE may indicate the resource pool it intends touse by applying the D2D gap. In order to indicate the cell of interestfor D2D operation to the serving cell, the UE may report a frequency ofthe corresponding resource pool to be operated and an identifier of theresource pool that identifies the corresponding resource pool to beincluded in the sidelink UE information. The UE may indicate the orderin which the resource pool is transmitted from the serving cell as theidentifier of the resource pool. For example, if the resource pooldesired to be used by the UE is transmitted in the third order in theresource pool list for transmission, the UE may indicate the resourcepool desired to be used by the UE through information indicating thethird order in the resource pool list for transmission. Alternatively,if the resource pool desired to be used by the UE is the resource pooltransmitted in the fourth order in the pool list for reception, the UEmay indicate the resource pool desired to be used by itself throughinformation indicating the fourth order in the pool list for reception.

The network may configure to the UE, an indicator/or informationindicating that transmission of the sidelink UE information message(e.g., D2D gap establishment request message) including the D2Dconfiguration information is permitted. The indicator/information may beincluded in the system information or the UE specific configuration. TheUE may request the D2D gap configuration to the network only when it isdetermined that the D2D reception desired by the UE is not availablewithout the D2D gap.

The network may instruct the UE to report the D2D configurationinformation for a particular cell. To this end, the network may requestthe UE to report the D2D configuration information while indicating thefrequency and cell identifier information. The request message mayinclude a timer value. The UE having received the request message startsa timer with the timer value included in the request message and if theD2D configuration information is acquired from a neighbor cell indicatedby the received information while the timer is operating, then the UEreports the D2D configuration to the serving cell.

The serving cell provides the D2D resource configuration to the UE(S193). The serving cell may know, through the sidelink UE information,partial resources which the UE is interested in among the D2D resourcesconfigured by the neighboring cell. The serving cell may have the UEperform the D2D operation even if the limited D2D resource is configuredto the UE. That is, the serving cell may configure the sidelink gap tothe UE using only the minimum resources based on the sidelink UEinformation.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a UE in which an embodiment of thepresent invention is implemented.

Referring to FIG. 19, a UE 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory1120, and a radio frequency unit (RF) unit 1130. Processor 1110implements the proposed functionality, process and/or method. Forexample, the processor 1110 transmits the sidelink UE information to thenetwork, and receives the D2D resource configuration determined based onthe sidelink UE information. The sidelink UE information includes atleast one of information whether the UE is interested in receiving a D2Dsignal and a resource allocation request for a transmission of the D2Dsignal.

The RF unit 1130 is connected to the processor 1110 and sends andreceives radio signals.

The processor may include Application-Specific Integrated Circuits(ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, and/or data processors. Thememory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM),flash memory, memory cards, storage media and/or other storage devices.The RF unit may include a baseband circuit for processing a radiosignal. When the above-described embodiment is implemented in software,the above-described scheme may be implemented using a module (process orfunction) which performs the above function. The module may be stored inthe memory and executed by the processor. The memory may be disposed tothe processor internally or externally and connected to the processorusing a variety of well-known means.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of device-to-device (D2D) operation in awireless communication system, the method performed by a user equipment(UE) and comprising: transmitting sidelink UE information to a network;receiving a D2D resource configuration including sidelink gapinformation based on the sidelink UE information, wherein the sidelinkUE information includes interest information, a resource allocationrequest for a transmission of a D2D signal, and a sidelink gap request,wherein the interest information informs the network that the UE isinterested in receiving the D2D signal, and wherein the sidelink gapinformation informs the UE of a sidelink gap, and receiving the D2Dsignal, without monitoring a downlink signal, within the sidelink go. 2.The method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving system informationinforming the UE of a resource pool capable of performing the D2Doperation from the network.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the systeminformation further informs the UE of the resource pool in which the UEis capable of receiving a discovery signal.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the sidelink information further includes interested resourceinformation, and wherein the interested resource information informs thenetwork of resources in which the UE is interested in receiving the D2Dsignal.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the resources in which the UEis interested in receiving the D2D signal is a subset of a resource poolcapable of performing the D2D operation based on system informationreceived from the network.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the gapinformation is a bitmap for subframes which are capable of receiving theD2D signal.
 7. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a transmitter andreceiver; and a processor operatively coupled to the transmitter andreceiver, and wherein the processor is configured to: control thetransmitter to transmit sidelink UE information to a network; controlthe receiver to receive a D2D resource configuration including sidelinkgap information based on the sidelink UE information, wherein thesidelink UE information includes interest information, a resourceallocation request for a transmission of a D2D signal, and a sidelinkgap request, wherein the interest information informs the network thatthe UE is interested in receiving the D2D signal, and wherein thesidelink gap information informs the UE of a sidelink gap, and receivingthe D2D signal, without monitoring a downlink signal, within thesidelink gap.